The political framework of Madagascar

Political Outline

Current Political Leaders

President: Michaël Randrianirina (since October 2025)
Prime Minister: Herintsalama Rajaonarivelo (since October 2025)

Next Election Dates

Presidential: November 2028
Senate: To be determined.
National Assembly: May 2029

Main Political Parties

The main parties in Madagascar include:

- Young Malagasies Determined (TGV): Centre‑left, social democratic, reformist
- Group of Young Malagasy Patriots (GJMP): Youthful, nationalist, and conservative
- I Love Madagascar (TIM): Populist, nationalist, pro‑business
- Isika Rehetra Miaraka amin'i Andry Rajoelina coalition (IRD): Pro‑Rajoelina, pragmatic, reformist
- Malagasy Aware (MTS): Progressive, civic‑focused
- Malagasy Tia Tanindrazana (MATITA/ANGADY): Patriotic, nationalist, conservative
- Movement for Democracy in Madagascar (MDM): Pro‑democracy, centrist, liberal‑leaning
- Rally for Democratic Socialism (RPSD Vaovao): Left‑wing, democratic socialist

Executive Power

The President of the Republic is elected by direct universal suffrage for a 5-year term, renewable once. He appoints the Prime Minister, taking into account the parliamentary majority if there is one. He can dissolve the National Assembly, but not in the first or last year of his mandate and no more than once per year. The National Assembly can, for its part, vote a motion of censure demanding the resignation of the Prime Minister and his government, which requires an absolute majority to pass.

Legislative Power

Legislative power is shared between the government and Parliament, which consists of two chambers: the National Assembly and the Senate. The National Assembly is composed of 163 members elected by direct universal suffrage for a five-year term. The Senate is made up of 18 senators, two-thirds of whom are elected by an electoral college, while the other third are appointed by the President. All senators serve a five-year term.