Luxembourg flag Luxembourg: Economic and Political Overview

Foreign trade figures of Luxembourg

Foreign Trade in Figures

Due to its small size and location, Luxembourg is highly open to foreign trade, which represents 394% of its GDP (the highest level in the world - World Bank). The country primarily exports commercial services, especially those related to finance. Concerning merchandise, at least 65% of goods and services 'made in Luxembourg' are exported. The main exports by product category are base metals (19.8%), machinery (18.9%), plastics (14.9%), vehicles (11.6%), and products of the chemical industry (6.9%); whereas imports are led by vehicles (17.2%), machinery (15.2%), mineral products (13.4%), base metals (10.7%), products of the chemical industry (8.1%), and plastics (8%- data Statistics Luxembourg).

Luxembourg is highly dependent on its EU partners, which account for roughly 90% of its foreign trade. Trade activities with its three neighbouring countries represent more than 50%. In 2023, its main customers were Germany (25.4%), France (15.6%), Belgium (12.3%), the Netherlands (6.7%), and Italy (4.4%); with imports coming chiefly from Belgium (24.4%), Germany (21.8%), France (10.4%), the Netherlands (4.7%), and Italy (3.4% - data Comtrade).

In 2023, the country exported USD 148.7 billion of services (+2.7% y-o-y), importing USD 119.7 billion (+4.7% - data by WTO). Although the merchandise trade balance is negative (with imports totalling USD 25.5 billion against USD 17.1 billion of exports), Luxembourg has an overall positive trade balance, estimated at 30.8% of its GDP by the World Bank (the sixth-highest ratio in the world in 2023). The Banque Centrale du Luxembourg (BCL) and STATEC report that the current account for the first half of 2024 showed a surplus of EUR 4 billion, up by EUR 1.9 billion from the previous year. The goods surplus reached EUR 267 million, a turnaround from a EUR 1.3 billion deficit in the same period last year, driven by an 8% rise in exports and a 5% drop in imports. The balance of international trade in services grew by 15% to EUR 1.8 billion, with exports rising by 4% and imports increasing by 1.5%.

 
Foreign Trade Values 20202021202220232024
Imports of Goods (million USD) 21,16526,17027,02026,29525,081
Exports of Goods (million USD) 13,83916,80017,37717,18916,213
Imports of Services (million USD) 98,683123,667115,316120,737130,426
Exports of Services (million USD) 125,012157,269144,000148,631170,445

Source: World Trade Organisation (WTO) ; Latest available data

Foreign Trade Indicators 20202021202220232024
Foreign Trade (in % of GDP) 375.6397.5412.2402.6351.3
Trade Balance (million USD) 2,339146-6231,3141,904
Trade Balance (Including Service) (million USD) 28,63733,43430,03733,86135,721
Imports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) 1.413.42.40.9-13.6
Exports of Goods and Services (Annual % Change) 1.911.31.50.6-12.2
Imports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) 171.1181.9189.9185.2159.7
Exports of Goods and Services (in % of GDP) 204.4215.6222.3217.4191.5

Source: World Bank ; Latest available data

Foreign Trade Forecasts 20252026 (e)2027 (e)2028 (e)2029 (e)
Volume of exports of goods and services (Annual % change) 2.62.22.12.12.0
Volume of imports of goods and services (Annual % change) 3.02.32.22.12.0

Source: IMF, World Economic Outlook ; Latest available data

Note: (e) Estimated Data

 
International Economic Cooperation
Member of the European Union, WTO, OCDE
 

Main Partner Countries

Main Customers
(% of Exports)
2025
Germany 25.3%
France 15.5%
Belgium 14.2%
Netherlands 6.6%
Italy 4.2%
See More Countries 34.3%
Main Suppliers
(% of Imports)
2025
Germany 22.0%
Belgium 20.8%
France 10.3%
Japan 4.8%
United States 4.3%
See More Countries 37.8%

Source: Comtrade, 2026. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

 
 

Main Products

16.7 bn USD of products exported in 2025
Angles, shapes and sections of iron or non-alloy...Angles, shapes and sections of iron or non-alloy steel, n.e.s. 6.0%
Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally...Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars (excl. motor vehicles of heading 8702) 5.5%
New pneumatic tyres, of rubberNew pneumatic tyres, of rubber 4.7%
Self-adhesive plates, sheets, film, foil, tape,...Self-adhesive plates, sheets, film, foil, tape, strip and other flat shapes, of plastics, whether or not in rolls (excl. floor, wall and ceiling coverings of heading 3918) 3.3%
Nonwovens, whether or not impregnated, coated,...Nonwovens, whether or not impregnated, coated, covered or laminated, n.e.s. 2.9%
See More Products 77.6%
27.5 bn USD of products imported in 2025
Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally...Motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons, incl. station wagons and racing cars (excl. motor vehicles of heading 8702) 9.4%
Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous...Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals (excl. crude); preparations containing >= 70% by weight of petroleum oils or of oils obtained from bituminous minerals, these oils being the basic constituents of the preparations, n.e.s.; waste oils containing mainly petroleum or bituminous minerals 5.5%
Lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery,...Lifting, handling, loading or unloading machinery, e.g. lifts, escalators, conveyors, teleferics (excl. pulley tackle and hoists, winches and capstans, jacks, cranes of all kinds, mobile lifting frames and straddle carriers, works trucks fitted with a crane, fork-lift trucks and other works trucks fitted with lifting or handling equipment) 3.2%
Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed...Medicaments consisting of mixed or unmixed products for therapeutic or prophylactic uses, put up in measured doses "incl. those in the form of transdermal administration" or in forms or packings for retail sale (excl. goods of heading 3002, 3005 or 3006) 3.0%
Powered aircraft "e.g. helicopters and aeroplanes...Powered aircraft "e.g. helicopters and aeroplanes"; spacecraft, incl. satellites, and suborbital and spacecraft launch vehicles 2.5%
See More Products 76.5%

Source: Comtrade, 2026. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

 
 

To go further, check out our service Import-Export Flows.

 

Main Services

149.5 bn USD of services exported in 2023
51.84%
21.71%
11.92%
4.09%
3.94%
2.35%
1.72%
1.39%
0.57%
0.32%
0.12%
0.03%
120.9 bn USD of services imported in 2023
44.73%
15.75%
15.42%
6.62%
5.97%
4.37%
4.20%
1.25%
0.91%
0.46%
0.17%
0.15%

Source: United Nations Statistics Division, 2026. Because of rounding, the sum of the percentages may be smaller/greater than 100%.

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Latest Update: August 2026